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MICROBIAL IMMUNOLOGY

Sputum Cytokine Levels in Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis as Early Markers of Mycobacterial Clearance

Rodrigo Ribeiro-Rodrigues, Tatiana Resende Co, John L. Johnson, Fabiola Ribeiro, Moises Palaci, Ricardo T. Sá, Ethel L. Maciel, Fausto E. Pereira Lima, Valderio Dettoni, Zahra Toossi, W. Henry Boom, Reynaldo Dietze, Jerrold J. Ellner, Christina S. Hirsch
Rodrigo Ribeiro-Rodrigues
1Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Núcleo Doenças Infecciosas, Vitória, ES, Brazil
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Tatiana Resende Co
1Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Núcleo Doenças Infecciosas, Vitória, ES, Brazil
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John L. Johnson
2Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals of Cleveland
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Fabiola Ribeiro
1Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Núcleo Doenças Infecciosas, Vitória, ES, Brazil
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Moises Palaci
1Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Núcleo Doenças Infecciosas, Vitória, ES, Brazil
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Ricardo T. Sá
1Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Núcleo Doenças Infecciosas, Vitória, ES, Brazil
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Ethel L. Maciel
1Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Núcleo Doenças Infecciosas, Vitória, ES, Brazil
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Fausto E. Pereira Lima
1Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Núcleo Doenças Infecciosas, Vitória, ES, Brazil
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Valderio Dettoni
1Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Núcleo Doenças Infecciosas, Vitória, ES, Brazil
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Zahra Toossi
3Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
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W. Henry Boom
2Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals of Cleveland
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Reynaldo Dietze
1Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Núcleo Doenças Infecciosas, Vitória, ES, Brazil
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Jerrold J. Ellner
4University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey 07103
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Christina S. Hirsch
1Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Núcleo Doenças Infecciosas, Vitória, ES, Brazil
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  • For correspondence: cxh40@po.cwru.edu
DOI: 10.1128/CDLI.9.4.818-823.2002
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ABSTRACT

Sputum and serum from patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), healthy purified protein derivative-positive adults, and patients with bacterial pneumonia were collected to simultaneously assess local immunity in the lungs and peripheral blood. To determine whether cytokine profiles in sputum from TB patients and control subjects were a reflection of its cellular composition, cytospin slides were prepared in parallel and assessed for the presence of relative proportions of epithelial cells, neutrophils, macrophages, and T cells. Gamma interferon (IFN-γ) in sputum from TB patients was markedly elevated over levels for both control groups. With anti-TB therapy, IFN-γ levels in sputum from TB patients decreased rapidly and by week 4 of treatment were comparable to those in sputum from controls. Further, IFN-γ levels in sputum closely followed mycobacterial clearance. Although detected at fourfold-lower levels, IFN-γ immunoreactivities in serum followed kinetics in sputum. TNF-α, interleukin 8 (IL-8) and IL-6 also were readily detected in sputum from TB patients at baseline and responded to anti-TB therapy. In contrast to IFN-γ, however, TNF-α and IL-8 levels also were elevated in sputum from pneumonia controls. These data indicate that sputum cytokines correlate with disease activity during active TB of the lung and may serve as potential early markers for sputum conversion and response to anti-TB therapy.

  • Copyright © 2002 American Society for Microbiology
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Sputum Cytokine Levels in Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis as Early Markers of Mycobacterial Clearance
Rodrigo Ribeiro-Rodrigues, Tatiana Resende Co, John L. Johnson, Fabiola Ribeiro, Moises Palaci, Ricardo T. Sá, Ethel L. Maciel, Fausto E. Pereira Lima, Valderio Dettoni, Zahra Toossi, W. Henry Boom, Reynaldo Dietze, Jerrold J. Ellner, Christina S. Hirsch
Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology Jul 2002, 9 (4) 818-823; DOI: 10.1128/CDLI.9.4.818-823.2002

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Sputum Cytokine Levels in Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis as Early Markers of Mycobacterial Clearance
Rodrigo Ribeiro-Rodrigues, Tatiana Resende Co, John L. Johnson, Fabiola Ribeiro, Moises Palaci, Ricardo T. Sá, Ethel L. Maciel, Fausto E. Pereira Lima, Valderio Dettoni, Zahra Toossi, W. Henry Boom, Reynaldo Dietze, Jerrold J. Ellner, Christina S. Hirsch
Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology Jul 2002, 9 (4) 818-823; DOI: 10.1128/CDLI.9.4.818-823.2002
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