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VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY

Changes in CD4+, CD8+, CD4+ CD8+, and Immunoglobulin M-Positive Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome-Affected Pigs and Age-Matched Uninfected Wasted and Healthy Pigs Correlate with Lesions and Porcine Circovirus Type 2 Load in Lymphoid Tissues

Laila Darwich, Joaquim Segalés, Mariano Domingo, Enric Mateu
Laila Darwich
1Departament de Sanitat i d'Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària
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  • For correspondence: Laila.Darwich@uab.es
Joaquim Segalés
1Departament de Sanitat i d'Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària
2Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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Mariano Domingo
1Departament de Sanitat i d'Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària
2Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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Enric Mateu
1Departament de Sanitat i d'Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària
2Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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DOI: 10.1128/CDLI.9.2.236-242.2002
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    FIG. 1.

    (A) Histological pattern of a superficial inguinal lymph node of a healthy pig. Follicular and interfollicular areas are clearly differentiated. (B) Moderate lymphocyte depletion (score 2) in a superficial inguinal lymph node of a pig with PMWS. Follicles are still perceptible, but cellular depletion is evident in all the lymphoid parenchyma. (C) Severe lymphocyte depletion (score 3) in a superficial inguinal lymph node of a pig with PMWS. No follicles or medulla-like tissues are evident in the lymphoid tissue. HE staining was used for all panels. Magnification, ×40.

  • FIG. 2.
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    FIG. 2.

    High (A) and low (B) levels of PCV2 nucleic acid in tissue from the tonsils of a pig with PMWS. Results were obtained by PCV2 ISH. All panels show fast green counterstaining. Magnification, ×400.

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    FIG. 3.

    Distribution of individual results (percentage of cells for each animal) with respect to the different lymphocyte subsets. The large open circles comprise the clusters of pigs with the lowest relative proportions of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets, pigs that thereby differ from the other pigs in the study. +ve, positive; −ve, negative.

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  • TABLE 1.

    Percentages of lymphocyte subsets of PBMC among the different pig groups

    Group (no. of pigs)Percentage (mean ± SD) of indicated lymphocyte surface antigen marker in PBMCa
    CD4+CD8+CD4+ CD8+IgM+
    PCV2 positive (24)5.0 ± 4.3 A17.6 ± 14.3 A1.4 ± 1.6 A8.0 ± 6.4 A*
        High PCV2 (17)b5.1 ± 4.4 A16.4 ± 13.7 A1.3 ± 1.2 A6.5 ± 6.5 C
        Low PCV2 (7)b4.8 ± 4.5 A20.5 ± 16.4 B1.7 ± 1.2 A11.6 ± 5.1 A
    PCV2 negative (17)6.7 ± 3.8 A40.8 ± 18.7 C3.2 ± 2.9 B14.3 ± 9.6 B
    Healthy control (8)15.2 ± 4.1 B27.2 ± 7.8 C5.2 ± 1.7 B12.5 ± 5.3 AB*
    • ↵ a Values followed by the same letter (A, B, or C) are statistically similar, while different letters for values within the same lymphocyte subset indicate significant differences in the mean values (P ≤ 0.05). *, P = 0.09.

    • ↵ b The PCV2-positive group was subcategorized with respect to the apparent level of PCV2 stained by the ISH technique.

  • TABLE 2.

    Distribution of pigs according to the histopathologic stage of cellular depletion in different lymphoid tissuesa

    Group (no. of pigsb)No. of pigs showing lymphocyte depletion in indicated tissue
    Superficial inguinal LNcMesenteric LNPeyer's patchesTonsilSpleen (PALSd)
    B zoneeT zonefB zoneT zoneB zoneT zoneB zoneT zone
    PCV2 negative (17)5110478323
    PCV2 positive (24)19g17g1917g18h19h17g14g13h
    • ↵ a Since healthy control pigs showed no lesions, results for them have been excluded from the table, and the results of the statistical analysis reflect a comparison, between the PCV2-negative and PCV2-positive wasted-pig groups. P values were obtained from 2-by-2 contingency tables.

    • ↵ b Total number of pigs in each group, including those not showing lymphocyte depletion.

    • ↵ c LN, lymph node.

    • ↵ d PALS, periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths.

    • ↵ e B zone, B-cell-dependent area.

    • ↵ f T zone, T-cell-dependent area.

    • ↵ g P < 0.001.

    • ↵ h P < 0.05.

  • TABLE 3.

    Comparison of the degrees of lymphocyte depletion of different lymphoid tissues with respect to the apparent amount of PCV2 DNA genome observed after ISH

    Level of PCV2 DNA (no. of pigsb)No. of PCV2-positive pigs showing indicated degree of lymphocyte depletion in indicated tissuea
    Superficial inguinal LNcMesenteric LNPeyer's patchesTonsilSpleen (PALSd)
    B zoneeT zonefB zoneT zoneB zoneT zoneB zonegT zoneh
    12 or 312 or 312 or 312 or 312 or 312 or 312 or 312 or 312 or 3
    Low (7)400030101111301010
    High (17)015890171160161161134957
    • ↵ a Score of lymphocyte depletion degree: 1, slight; 2, moderate; 3, severe.

    • ↵ b Total number of pigs, including those not showing lymphocyte depletion.

    • ↵ c LN, lymph node.

    • ↵ d PALS, periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths; P = 0.07.

    • ↵ e B zone, B-cell-dependent area.

    • ↵ f T zone, T-cell-dependent area.

    • ↵ g P < 0.01; for other groups, P < 0.001, except as indicated.

    • ↵ h P < 0.05.

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Changes in CD4+, CD8+, CD4+ CD8+, and Immunoglobulin M-Positive Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome-Affected Pigs and Age-Matched Uninfected Wasted and Healthy Pigs Correlate with Lesions and Porcine Circovirus Type 2 Load in Lymphoid Tissues
Laila Darwich, Joaquim Segalés, Mariano Domingo, Enric Mateu
Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology Mar 2002, 9 (2) 236-242; DOI: 10.1128/CDLI.9.2.236-242.2002

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Changes in CD4+, CD8+, CD4+ CD8+, and Immunoglobulin M-Positive Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome-Affected Pigs and Age-Matched Uninfected Wasted and Healthy Pigs Correlate with Lesions and Porcine Circoviru…
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Changes in CD4+, CD8+, CD4+ CD8+, and Immunoglobulin M-Positive Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome-Affected Pigs and Age-Matched Uninfected Wasted and Healthy Pigs Correlate with Lesions and Porcine Circovirus Type 2 Load in Lymphoid Tissues
Laila Darwich, Joaquim Segalés, Mariano Domingo, Enric Mateu
Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology Mar 2002, 9 (2) 236-242; DOI: 10.1128/CDLI.9.2.236-242.2002
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