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Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology

Serodiagnosis as Adjunct Assay for Pertussis Infection in São Paulo, Brazil

Lourdes R. A. Vaz-de-Lima, Monte D. Martin, Lucia C. Pawloski, Daniela Leite, Karen C. P. Rocha, Cyro A. de Brito, Tânia M. I. Vaz, Luciano Moura Martins, Danielly P. Alvarenga, Ana F. Ribeiro, Telma R. M. P. Carvalhanas, Rosa M. D. Nakasaki, Silvia S. Oliveira, Eliseu A. Waldman, Maria Lucia Tondella
P. P. Wilkins, Editor
Lourdes R. A. Vaz-de-Lima
aImmunology Center, Bacteriology Center, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, Brazil
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Monte D. Martin
bDivision of Bacterial Diseases, NCIRD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Lucia C. Pawloski
bDivision of Bacterial Diseases, NCIRD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Daniela Leite
aImmunology Center, Bacteriology Center, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, Brazil
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Karen C. P. Rocha
aImmunology Center, Bacteriology Center, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, Brazil
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Cyro A. de Brito
aImmunology Center, Bacteriology Center, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, Brazil
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Tânia M. I. Vaz
aImmunology Center, Bacteriology Center, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, Brazil
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Luciano Moura Martins
aImmunology Center, Bacteriology Center, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, Brazil
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Danielly P. Alvarenga
aImmunology Center, Bacteriology Center, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, Brazil
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Ana F. Ribeiro
cRespiratory Branch, Centro de Vigilância Epidemiológica, Secretaria de Estado de Saúde, São Paulo, Brazil
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Telma R. M. P. Carvalhanas
cRespiratory Branch, Centro de Vigilância Epidemiológica, Secretaria de Estado de Saúde, São Paulo, Brazil
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Rosa M. D. Nakasaki
dCentro de Controle de Doenças, Coordenação de Vigilância em Saúde, Secretaria Municipal da Saúde SP (CCD/COVISA), São Paulo, Brazil
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Silvia S. Oliveira
dCentro de Controle de Doenças, Coordenação de Vigilância em Saúde, Secretaria Municipal da Saúde SP (CCD/COVISA), São Paulo, Brazil
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Eliseu A. Waldman
eEpidemiology Department, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, USP, São Paulo, Brazil
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Maria Lucia Tondella
bDivision of Bacterial Diseases, NCIRD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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P. P. Wilkins
Roles: Editor
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DOI: 10.1128/CVI.00760-13
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    FIG 1

    Proportion of positive pertussis cases diagnosed by culture and/or RT-PCR, PT ELISA, and combined assays, stratified by age. m, months; y, years.

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    FIG 2

    Proportion of positive cases diagnosed by culture and/or RT-PCR and PT ELISA stratified by time since cough onset in weeks (w). The total number of subjects per time point was used as the denominator. (A) Analysis based on time of symptoms for all reported cases; (B) cases separated by age groups: group 1 (<1 year), group 2 (1 to 6 years), and group 3 (≥7 years).

Tables

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  • TABLE 1

    Characteristics of the studied population according to age and positivity to pertussis laboratory analysis

    CharacteristicData for group no. (age range):
    1 (<1 yr)2 (1–6 yr)3 (≥7 yr)
    Total (n = 260)Pertussis positive (n = 101)aTotal (n = 81)Pertussis positive (n = 31)aTotal (n = 162)Pertussis positive (n = 94)a
    Age (mean [range])b3 (1–11)2.7 (1–8)3 (1–6)3 (1–6)26 (7–88)24 (7–74)
    Gender (n [%] female)153 (59)63 (62.4)48 (59.3)19 (61.3)105 (64.8)56 (59.6)
    Time since cough onset
        Mean (SD) (days)16 (10)17 (10.4)24 (17.8)26 (18)26 (19)30 (18.5)
        Range (days)7–637–507–937–787–987–93
    • ↵a Positive by at least one test.

    • ↵b Ages given for group 1 are in months and for groups 2 and 3 are in years.

  • TABLE 2

    Frequencies of positive pertussis cases in different age groups by culture and/or RT-PCR and serology (PT-ELISA)

    CharacteristicGroup 1 (<1 yr)Group 2 (1–6 yr)Group 3 (≥7 yr)
    No. of pertussis-positive cases/total no. of cases101/26031/8194/162
    No. (%) of positive cases by culture and/or RT-PCR61 (60.4)a2 (6.4)3 (3.2)
    No. (%) of positive cases by PT-ELISA18 (17.8)25 (80.6)81 (86.2)
    No. (%) of positive cases by combined assaysb22 (21.8)4 (13)10 (10.6)
    No. of seronegative cases1504762
    Pc<0.0001<0.0001<0.0001
    • ↵a Percentages were calculated with positive specimens by at least one test.

    • ↵b Combined assays: culture and/or RT-PCR and PT ELISA.

    • ↵c Culture and/or RT-PCR versus PT-ELISA.

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Serodiagnosis as Adjunct Assay for Pertussis Infection in São Paulo, Brazil
Lourdes R. A. Vaz-de-Lima, Monte D. Martin, Lucia C. Pawloski, Daniela Leite, Karen C. P. Rocha, Cyro A. de Brito, Tânia M. I. Vaz, Luciano Moura Martins, Danielly P. Alvarenga, Ana F. Ribeiro, Telma R. M. P. Carvalhanas, Rosa M. D. Nakasaki, Silvia S. Oliveira, Eliseu A. Waldman, Maria Lucia Tondella for the Clinical and Epidemiological Team Work of Hospital Sentinels of the City of São Paulo
Clinical and Vaccine Immunology May 2014, 21 (5) 636-640; DOI: 10.1128/CVI.00760-13

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Serodiagnosis as Adjunct Assay for Pertussis Infection in São Paulo, Brazil
Lourdes R. A. Vaz-de-Lima, Monte D. Martin, Lucia C. Pawloski, Daniela Leite, Karen C. P. Rocha, Cyro A. de Brito, Tânia M. I. Vaz, Luciano Moura Martins, Danielly P. Alvarenga, Ana F. Ribeiro, Telma R. M. P. Carvalhanas, Rosa M. D. Nakasaki, Silvia S. Oliveira, Eliseu A. Waldman, Maria Lucia Tondella for the Clinical and Epidemiological Team Work of Hospital Sentinels of the City of São Paulo
Clinical and Vaccine Immunology May 2014, 21 (5) 636-640; DOI: 10.1128/CVI.00760-13
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