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Journal Article | Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Immune response to sulfamethoxazole in patients with AIDS.

M P Daftarian, L G Filion, W Cameron, B Conway, R Roy, F Tropper, F Diaz-Mitoma
M P Daftarian
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L G Filion
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W Cameron
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B Conway
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R Roy
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F Tropper
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F Diaz-Mitoma
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ABSTRACT

Antibody- and cell-mediated responses to sulfamethoxazole (SMX) were analyzed in AIDS patients with or without a history of hypersensitivity and in negative controls. In 20 of 20 (P < 0.01) human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive patients with skin reactions to cotrimoxazole, we found SMX-specific antibodies, while only 9 of 20 and 17 of 20 HIV-seropositive patients without a history of hypersensitivity to cotrimoxazole had SMX-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG, respectively. The levels of specific IgM and IgG were higher in patients with skin reactions than in patients without reactions (IgM, 1.0 +/- 0.19 versus 0.47 +/- 0.23 [P < 0.001]; IgG, 0.68 +/- 0.15 versus 0.47 +/- 0.14 [P < 0.001] [mean optical density values +/- standard deviations]). Seronegative controls with no history of exposure to sulfa compounds did not have SMX-specific IgG or IgM antibodies, and controls with a history of intake of SMX with or without reactions had low levels of IgG and IgM. The SMX-specific IgG subclasses were exclusively IgG1 and IgG3. None of the patients had detectable SMX-specific IgE or IgA antibodies nor did they exhibit a cell-mediated response as measured by a lymphocyte proliferation assay. Antibodies to SMX recognized N-acetyl-sulfonamide, N-(2-thiazolyl)-sulfanilamide, sulfadiazine, and sulfisoxazole but did not recognize sulfanilamide or 3-amino-5-methyl isoxazole in an inhibition assay. It is not known whether the SMX-specific antibodies associated with hypersensitivity reactions to SMX in HIV-seropositive patients have a pathogenic role in these reactions. Sulfanilamide or 3-amino-5-methyl isoxazole, on the other hand, could be potential alternative therapies in HIV-seropositive patients with a history of skin reactions to SMX.

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Immune response to sulfamethoxazole in patients with AIDS.
M P Daftarian, L G Filion, W Cameron, B Conway, R Roy, F Tropper, F Diaz-Mitoma
Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology Mar 1995, 2 (2) 199-204; DOI:

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Immune response to sulfamethoxazole in patients with AIDS.
M P Daftarian, L G Filion, W Cameron, B Conway, R Roy, F Tropper, F Diaz-Mitoma
Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology Mar 1995, 2 (2) 199-204; DOI:
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