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VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY

Efficacy of the Canine Influenza Virus H3N8 Vaccine To Decrease Severity of Clinical Disease after Cochallenge with Canine Influenza Virus and Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus

Laurie J. Larson, Jamie Henningson, Patricia Sharp, Bliss Thiel, Muralidhar S. Deshpande, Tamara Davis, Huchappa Jayappa, Terri Wasmoen, Nallakannu Lakshmanan, Ronald D. Schultz
Laurie J. Larson
1Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 2015 Linden Drive West, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
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Jamie Henningson
1Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 2015 Linden Drive West, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
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Patricia Sharp
1Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 2015 Linden Drive West, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
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Bliss Thiel
1Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 2015 Linden Drive West, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
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Muralidhar S. Deshpande
2Intervet/Schering-Plough Animal Health, 21401 West Center Road, Elkhorn, Nebraska 68022
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Tamara Davis
2Intervet/Schering-Plough Animal Health, 21401 West Center Road, Elkhorn, Nebraska 68022
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Huchappa Jayappa
2Intervet/Schering-Plough Animal Health, 21401 West Center Road, Elkhorn, Nebraska 68022
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Terri Wasmoen
2Intervet/Schering-Plough Animal Health, 21401 West Center Road, Elkhorn, Nebraska 68022
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Nallakannu Lakshmanan
2Intervet/Schering-Plough Animal Health, 21401 West Center Road, Elkhorn, Nebraska 68022
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  • For correspondence: nallakannu.lakshmanan@sp.intervet.com
Ronald D. Schultz
1Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 2015 Linden Drive West, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
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DOI: 10.1128/CVI.00500-10
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    Fig. 1.

    Clinical disease. All dogs were challenged with CIV on study day 35 and monitored daily from day −2 through 13 days postchallenge for clinical signs. One dog in group 1 was euthanized at 9 days postchallenge, and one dog in group 3 died at 8 days postchallenge. The average clinical scores for each treatment group were plotted against time (days after CIV challenge).

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    Fig. 2.

    Virus shedding. All dogs in groups 1, 3, and 4 were challenged with CIV on study day 35 (day 0 after CIV challenge). Nasal swabs were collected on the day before challenge (day −1) to confirm that the dogs were free of CIV shedding. Nasal virus shedding was monitored in challenged dogs daily for 10 days (days 1 to 10 postchallenge). One dog in group 1 was euthanized at 9 days postchallenge, and one dog in group 3 died at 8 days postchallenge. The average virus titers for each treatment group, expressed as log10 TCID50/ml, were calculated and plotted against time (days after CIV challenge).

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    Fig. 3.

    Bacterial isolation from nasal swabs and lung washes. All dogs in groups 2, 3, and 4 were challenged with CIV on study day 35 (day 0) and with S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus on study day 38 (day 3 after CIV challenge). Nasal swabs for bacterial isolation were collected on the day before CIV challenge (day −1) and 3, 6, 9, 12, and 14 days postchallenge. At the time of necropsy, lung wash samples were also collected. The results are expressed as the percentage of dogs positive for S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus.

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    Fig. 4.

    Lung lesions. The gross lung lesion scores are shown. One dog in group 1 was euthanized at 9 days postchallenge, and one dog in group 3 died at 8 days postchallenge. All remaining dogs were euthanized at the end of the study (study day 49). Lung lesions were scored for consolidation, and the total lesion score for each dog was calculated.

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    Fig. 5.

    Examples of histopathologic lung lesions. Lung sections from a healthy dog (A), from a dog challenged with CIV only (B), from a dog challenged with S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus (C), from a dog challenged with CIV and S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus (D), and from a CIV-vaccinated dog challenged with CIV and S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus (E) are shown.

Tables

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  • Table 1.

    Seroconversion in four groups of dogs

    Treatment groupCIV vaccinationaChallengeHI antibody titer (GMT)b
    PrevaccinationPrechallenge14 days postchallenge
    1NoCIV<10<10226 ± 200
    2NoS. equi subsp. zooepidemicus<10<10<10
    3NoCIV + S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus<10<10278 ± 339
    4YesCIV + S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus<1073 ± 656,378 ± 3,032
    • ↵a CIV, canine influenza virus.

    • ↵b The hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody titer (geometric mean titer [GMT]) is shown. The mean ± standard deviation are shown for some values.

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Efficacy of the Canine Influenza Virus H3N8 Vaccine To Decrease Severity of Clinical Disease after Cochallenge with Canine Influenza Virus and Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus
Laurie J. Larson, Jamie Henningson, Patricia Sharp, Bliss Thiel, Muralidhar S. Deshpande, Tamara Davis, Huchappa Jayappa, Terri Wasmoen, Nallakannu Lakshmanan, Ronald D. Schultz
Clinical and Vaccine Immunology Apr 2011, 18 (4) 559-564; DOI: 10.1128/CVI.00500-10

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Efficacy of the Canine Influenza Virus H3N8 Vaccine To Decrease Severity of Clinical Disease after Cochallenge with Canine Influenza Virus and Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus
Laurie J. Larson, Jamie Henningson, Patricia Sharp, Bliss Thiel, Muralidhar S. Deshpande, Tamara Davis, Huchappa Jayappa, Terri Wasmoen, Nallakannu Lakshmanan, Ronald D. Schultz
Clinical and Vaccine Immunology Apr 2011, 18 (4) 559-564; DOI: 10.1128/CVI.00500-10
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