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VACCINE RESEARCH

Establishment of an Aerosol Challenge Model of Tuberculosis in Rhesus Macaques and an Evaluation of Endpoints for Vaccine Testing

S. A. Sharpe, H. McShane, M. J. Dennis, R. J. Basaraba, F. Gleeson, G. Hall, A. McIntyre, K. Gooch, S. Clark, N. E. R. Beveridge, E. Nuth, A. White, A. Marriott, S. Dowall, A. V. S. Hill, A. Williams, P. D. Marsh
S. A. Sharpe
1Health Protection Agency, Centre for Emergency Preparedness and Response, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
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  • For correspondence: sally.sharpe@hpa.org.uk
H. McShane
2 the Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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M. J. Dennis
1Health Protection Agency, Centre for Emergency Preparedness and Response, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
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R. J. Basaraba
3Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
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F. Gleeson
4Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
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G. Hall
1Health Protection Agency, Centre for Emergency Preparedness and Response, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
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A. McIntyre
3Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
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K. Gooch
1Health Protection Agency, Centre for Emergency Preparedness and Response, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
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S. Clark
1Health Protection Agency, Centre for Emergency Preparedness and Response, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
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N. E. R. Beveridge
2 the Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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E. Nuth
3Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
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A. White
1Health Protection Agency, Centre for Emergency Preparedness and Response, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
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A. Marriott
1Health Protection Agency, Centre for Emergency Preparedness and Response, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
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S. Dowall
1Health Protection Agency, Centre for Emergency Preparedness and Response, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
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A. V. S. Hill
2 the Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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A. Williams
1Health Protection Agency, Centre for Emergency Preparedness and Response, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
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P. D. Marsh
1Health Protection Agency, Centre for Emergency Preparedness and Response, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
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DOI: 10.1128/CVI.00079-10
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ABSTRACT

The establishment of an aerosol challenge model in nonhuman primates (NHPs) for the testing of vaccines against Mycobacterium tuberculosis would assist the global effort to optimize novel vaccination strategies. The endpoints used in preclinical challenge studies to identify measures of disease burden need to be accurate and sensitive enough to distinguish subtle differences and benefits afforded by different tuberculosis (TB) vaccine regimens when group sizes are inevitably small. This study sought to assess clinical and nonclinical endpoints as potentially sensitive measures of disease burden in a challenge study with rhesus macaques by using a new protocol of aerosol administration of M. tuberculosis. Immunological and clinical readouts were assessed for utility in vaccine evaluation studies. This is the first example of TB vaccine evaluation with rhesus macaques where long-term survival was one of the primary endpoints. However, we found that in NHP vaccine efficacy studies with maximum group sizes of six animals, survival did not provide a valuable endpoint. Two approaches used in human clinical trials for the evaluation of the gamma interferon (IFN-γ) response to vaccination (enzyme-linked immunospot [ELISpot] assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]) were included in this study. The IFN-γ profiles induced following vaccination were found not to correlate with protection, nor did the level of purified protein derivative (PPD)-specific proliferation. The only readout to reliably distinguish vaccinated and unvaccinated NHPs was the determination of lung lesion burden using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging combined with stereology at the end of the study. Therefore, the currently proposed key markers were not shown to correlate with protection, and only imaging offered a potentially reliable correlate.

  • Copyright © 2010 American Society for Microbiology
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Establishment of an Aerosol Challenge Model of Tuberculosis in Rhesus Macaques and an Evaluation of Endpoints for Vaccine Testing
S. A. Sharpe, H. McShane, M. J. Dennis, R. J. Basaraba, F. Gleeson, G. Hall, A. McIntyre, K. Gooch, S. Clark, N. E. R. Beveridge, E. Nuth, A. White, A. Marriott, S. Dowall, A. V. S. Hill, A. Williams, P. D. Marsh
Clinical and Vaccine Immunology Jul 2010, 17 (8) 1170-1182; DOI: 10.1128/CVI.00079-10

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Establishment of an Aerosol Challenge Model of Tuberculosis in Rhesus Macaques and an Evaluation of Endpoints for Vaccine Testing
S. A. Sharpe, H. McShane, M. J. Dennis, R. J. Basaraba, F. Gleeson, G. Hall, A. McIntyre, K. Gooch, S. Clark, N. E. R. Beveridge, E. Nuth, A. White, A. Marriott, S. Dowall, A. V. S. Hill, A. Williams, P. D. Marsh
Clinical and Vaccine Immunology Jul 2010, 17 (8) 1170-1182; DOI: 10.1128/CVI.00079-10
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KEYWORDS

Aerosols
Disease Models, Animal
Inhalation
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
tuberculosis vaccines
Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

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