Article Figures & Data
Figures
- FIG. 1.
Levels of IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a antibodies to vaccine antigen(s) in experiment I. Sera were collected as described in Materials and Methods and tested by ELISA for IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a antibodies against pooled vaccine antigens. Levels of IgG in group E (cocktail DNA and protein vaccines) were significantly higher than in group D (cocktail DNA vaccines) (P < 0.01); levels of IgG in group H (cocktail DNA vaccines with EP) were significantly higher than in group D (P < 0.01); levels of IgG in group I (cocktail DNA with EP and protein vaccines) were significantly higher than in group E (P < 0.01) or group H (P < 0.01).
- FIG. 2.
Levels of IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a antibodies to vaccine antigen(s) in experiment II. An ELISA to determine levels of vaccine antigen(s)-specific IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a was conducted as described in Materials and Methods. Levels of IgG in group d (cocktail DNA and protein vaccines) were significantly higher than in group c (cocktail DNA vaccines) (P < 0.01); levels of IgG in group e (cocktail DNA vaccine with EP) were significantly higher than in group c (P < 0.01); levels of IgG in group h (TPI with EP) were significantly higher than in group g (TPI) (P < 0.05); levels of IgG in group f (cocktail DNA with and protein vaccines) were significantly higher than in group d (P < 0.01) and group e (P < 0.01).
Tables
- TABLE 1.
Protective efficacies of different vaccination regimens against Schistosoma japonicum challenge infection (experiment I)a
Group No. of mice Total no. of worms % Worm reduction No. of eggs in liver % Egg reduction A (blank control) 11 25.82 ± 3.25 62,001 ± 9,814 B (pcDNA3.1) 10 25.40 ± 2.46 61,761 ± 13,787 C (pcDNA3.1 and cocktail protein vaccines) 12 21.25 ± 3.12 17.70 56,182 ± 9,404 9.39 D (cocktail DNA vaccines) 9 17.33 ± 2.74 32.88 39,559 ± 10,772 36.20 E (cocktail DNA and protein vaccines) 9 14.11 ± 3.55 45.35 31,908 ± 5,553 48.54 F (pcDNA3.1 with EP) 10 25.30 ± 3.80 58,272 ± 11,680 G (pcDNA3.1 with EP and cocktail protein vaccines) 13 21.15 ± 3.44 18.09 54,257 ± 15,117 12.49 H (cocktail DNA vaccines with EP) 10 14.20 ± 3.12 45.00 30,453 ± 8,114 50.88 I (cocktail DNA with EP and protein vaccines) 12 11.08 ± 3.42 57.09 25,259 ± 8,436 59.26 ↵ a Values for worm and egg numbers are means ± standard deviations. Worm and egg reduction rates of each vaccine group were compared to group A (blank control). Statistically significant differences in egg reduction rates were seen in group E versus group C (P < 0.01) or group D (P < 0.05). Worm and egg burdens were significantly reduced in group H versus group D (P < 0.05); also, worm and egg burdens were significantly reduced in group I compared to group E (P < 0.05) or group H (P < 0.05).
- TABLE 2.
Protective efficacies of different vaccination regimens against Schistosoma japonicum infection (experiment II)a
Group No. of mice Total no. of worms % Worm reduction No. of female worms % Female-worm reduction No. of eggs in liver % Egg reduction a (pcDNA3.1) 10 22.40 ± 2.59 10.10 ± 3.38 64,849 ± 11,452 b (pcDNA3.1 with EP and cocktail protein vaccines) 11 19.09 ± 3.54 14.77 7.00 ± 2.44 30.69 51,479 ± 9,833 20.62 c (cocktail DNA vaccines) 9 15.11 ± 2.09 32.54 5.33 ± 3.35 47.19 36,275 ± 13,069 44.06 d (cocktail DNA and protein vaccines) 9 12.56 ± 1.94 43.95 3.78 ± 1.39 62.60 27,513 ± 8,181 57.57 e (cocktail DNA vaccine with EP) 9 13.11 ± 2.71 41.47 4.67 ± 1.73 53.80 30,592 ± 3,379 52.83 f (cocktail DNA with EP and protein vaccines) 10 9.10 ± 3.21 59.38 2.80 ± 1.23 72.28 21,081 ± 11,856 67.49 g (TPI) 10 16.30 ± 2.36 27.23 6.50 ± 1.51 35.64 47,180 ± 10,735 27.25 h (TPI with EP) 11 12.91 ± 2.59 42.37 5.09 ± 2.17 49.60 37,127 ± 10,953 42.75 ↵ a Values for worm and egg counts are means ± standard deviations. Adult worm and liver egg reduction rates were calculated for each group in comparison to group a. Statistically significant differences in adult worm and liver egg burdens were seen for the following comparisons: between group d and group b (P < 0.01) or group c (P < 0.05); between group e and group c (P < 0.05); between group h and group g (TPI) (P < 0.01); and between group f and group d (P < 0.05) or group e (P < 0.01).
- TABLE 3.
Boosting with cocktail DNA vaccines by electroporation or with cocktail protein vaccines leads to enhanced production of IL-2 and IFN-γ (experiment I)
Group IL-2 (pg/ml)a IFN-γ (pg/ml)a Blank ConA SEA Blank ConA SEA A <10 11.38 10.01 <10 <10 <10 B <10 <10 11.11 <10 <10 17.58 C <10 18.50 24.90 <10 19.54 36.70 D <10 20.90 59.21 <10 120.72 492.31 E <10 23.97 68.02 <10 123.86 503.90 F <10 <10 <10 <10 11.95 39.55 G <10 21.46 52.94 <10 27.58 83.15 H <10 39.15 79.28 <10 300.79 625.55 I <10 43.92 112.02 <10 97.05 664.23 ↵ a Data are average values of readings from triplicate wells for each group.
- TABLE 4.
Boosting by electroporation or with cocktail protein vaccines leads to enhanced production of IL-2 and IFN-γ (experiment II)
Group IL-2 (pg/ml)a IFN-γ (pg/ml)a Blank ConA SEA Blank ConA SEA a <10 37.54 13.11 <10 38.97 26.56 b <10 91.99 111.48 <10 35.35 197.98 c <10 45.39 234.68 <10 49.32 439.27 d <10 75.33 270.74 <10 75.33 546.32 e <10 89.65 254.71 <10 96.71 896.43 f <10 43.17 431.73 <10 92.67 1,398.04 g <10 31.72 110.30 <10 65.04 265.04 h <10 74.32 231.28 <10 83.43 318.23 ↵ a Data are average values of readings from triplicate wells for each group.
