DOI: 10.1128/CVI.13.2.170-178.2006
Article Figures & Data
Figures
- FIG. 1.
Model illustrating the pathophysiology of Whipple's disease. DC, dendritic cells.
Tables
- TABLE 1.
Epidemiology and clinical symptoms of Whipple's diseasea
Epidemiology Finding Reported cases 1,000 Mean age 50 yrs Sex ratio (male/female) 8 Familial cases Few Major clinical manifestations Weight loss 90% Diarrhea 75% Arthropathy 85% Abdominal pain 60% Other symptoms Arthralgias, arthritis 70-90% Anemia 75-90% Fever 45% Night sweats Lymphadenopathy 40-50% Hyperpigmentation 40-60% Cardiac manifestations 35-65% Pulmonary manifestations 35-60% CNS manifestations 20-30% Ocular manifestations 5-15% Splenomegaly 5-10% ↵ a Data were collected from references 22, 26, and 77. CNS, central nervous system.
- TABLE 2.
Phenotypic characterization of intestinal macrophages and monocytesa
Compound Function Intestinal macrophages Circulating monocytes CD11b (CR3) α Subunit of complement receptor 3 + +++++ CD123 (IL-3R) IL-3 receptor α chain − ++ CD13 Aminopeptidase N +++++ +++++ CD14 Receptor for LPS-LBP complex − +++++ CD16 (FcγRIII) Low-affinity Fc receptor − ++ CD25 (IL-2R) IL-2 receptor α chain − + CD25 + LPS − +++ CD32 (FcγRII) Low-affinity receptor for aggregated Ig − +++++ CD33b Binds sialoconjugates +++++ +++++ CD36 Scavenger receptor + +++++ CD44 Binds hyaluronic acid ++++ ++++ CD64 (FcγRI) High-affinity receptor for IgG − +++ CD68 (macrosialin) Unknown +++++ ++ CD89 (FcαR) IgA receptor − +++++ HLA-DR MHC class II +++++ +++++ Acid phosphatase ++++ ++++ Nonspecific esterase +++++ +++++ TLR1-5 Toll-like receptor − +++++ - TABLE 3.
Bacteria that induce macrophage apoptosis
Bacterial pathogen Reference Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans 58 Aeromonas hydrophila 34 Bacillus anthracis 95 Bordetella pertussis 62 Brucella abortus 33 Burkholderia cepacia 52 Chlamydia psittaci 91 Chlamydia trachomatis 41 Clostridium difficile 71 Escherichia coli K-12 66 Francisella tularensis 65 Helicobacter pylori 37 Leptospira interrogans 81 Mycobacterium avium 9 Mycobacterium tuberculosis 59 Parachlamydia acanthamoeba 42 Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida 25 Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium 46 Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi 109 Shigella dysenteriae 102 Shigella flexneri 127 Tropheryma whipplei 19 Yersinia enterocolitica 83 Yersinia pestis 90 Yersinia pseudotuberculosis 84 Vibrio vulnificans 57
Whipple's Disease: a Macrophage Disease
