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Clin. Vaccine Immunol. doi:10.1128/CVI.00033-07
Copyright (c) 2007, American Society for Microbiology and/or the Listed Authors/Institutions. All Rights Reserved.

The quality and kinetics of the antibody response in mice after three different low dose influenza vaccination strategies

Influenza Centre, The Gade Institute, University of Bergen, Armauer Hansen Building, N-5021 Bergen, Norway

^* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: Solveig.Hauge{at}gades.uib.no.

	Abstract

The threat of a new influenza pandemic has led to renewed interest in dose sparing vaccination strategies such as intradermal immunization or the use of adjuvanted vaccines. In this study we compared the quality and kinetics of the serum antibody response elicited in mice after one or two immunizations with a split influenza A (H3N2) virus, using three different low dose vaccination strategies. The mice were divided into four groups, receiving either a low dose vaccine (3 µg hemagglutinin (HA)) intradermally or intramuscularly with or without aluminum adjuvant, or the normal human vaccine dose (15 µg HA) intramuscularly. Sera were collected weekly after vaccination and tested in the hemagglutination inhibition, virus neutralization and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The antibody responses induced after intradermal or intramuscular low dose vaccinations were similar, and lower than observed after the human vaccine dose. However, low dose adjuvanted vaccine elicited a serum antibody response comparable to the human dose, although the second immunization did not result in any increase in cross-reactive HI antibodies, and the peak serum antibody response was observed one week later than in the other vaccination groups. Our murine data suggest that the low dose intradermal route does not show any obvious advantage over the low dose intramuscular route in inducing a serum antibody response, and that none of the low dose vaccination strategies is as effective as intramuscular vaccination with the normal human dose. However, the low dose aluminum adjuvanted vaccine could present a feasible alternative in case of limited vaccine supply.