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Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology, September 1999, p. 696-700, Vol. 6, No. 5
1071-412X/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Detection of Borna Disease Virus-Reactive Antibodies from Patients with Psychiatric Disorders and from Horses by Electrochemiluminescence Immunoassay

Kazunari Yamaguchi,1,* Takashi Sawada,2 Tohru Naraki,2 Ruriko Igata-Yi,3 Hiroshi Shiraki,4 Yoichiro Horii,5 Toshinori Ishii,1 Kazuhiko Ikeda,6 Norio Asou,1 Hiroaki Okabe,1 Manabu Mochizuki,7 Kazuo Takahashi,8 Shogo Yamada,9 Kaori Kubo,10 Shinji Yashiki,10 Royce W. Waltrip II,11 and Kathryn M. Carbone12

Blood Transfusion Service and Internal Medicine, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Kumamoto,1 Diagnostic Division, Eisai Tsukuba Research Laboratories, Tsukuba,2 Kumamoto City Public Health Office, Kumamoto,3 Fukuoka Red Cross Blood Center, Fukuoka,4 Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Miyazaki University, Miyazaki,5 Department of Ultrastructure and Histochemistry, Tokyo Institute of Psychiatry, Tokyo,6 Department of Ophthalmology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume,7 Department of Microbiology, Fukushima Medical College, Fukushima,8 Department of Psychiatric Medicine, Kyushu University School of Medicine, Fukuoka,9 and Department of Neuropsychiatry and Virology, Kagoshima University School of Medicine, Kagoshima,10 Japan; Department of Psychiatry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi11; and Division of Viral Products, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, D.C.12

Received 19 January 1999/Returned for modification 4 May 1999/Accepted 7 June 1999

The prevalence of Borna disease virus (BDV)-specific antibodies among patients with psychiatric disorders and healthy individuals has varied in several reports using several different serological assay methods. A reliable and specific method for anti-BDV antibodies needs to be developed to clarify the pathological significance of BDV infections in humans. We developed a new electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) for the antibody to BDV that uses two recombinant proteins of BDV, p40 and p24 (full length). Using this ECLIA, we examined 3,476 serum samples from humans with various diseases and 917 sera from blood donors in Japan for the presence of anti-BDV antibodies. By ECLIA, 26 (3.08%) of 845 schizophrenia patients and 9 (3.59%) of 251 patients with mood disorders were seropositive for BDV. Among 323 patients with other psychiatric diseases, 114 with neurological diseases, 75 with chronic fatigue syndrome, 85 human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients, 50 with autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosis and 17 with leprosy, there was no positive case except one case each with alcohol addiction, AIDS, and dementia. Although 19 (1.36%) of 1,393 patients with various ocular diseases, 10 (1.09%) of 917 blood donors, and 3 (4.55%) of 66 multitransfused patients were seropositive for BDV-specific antigen, high levels of seroprevalence in schizophrenia patients and young patients (16 to 59 years old) with mood disorders were statistically significant. The immunoreactivity of seropositive sera could be verified for specificity by blocking with soluble p40 and/or p24 recombinant protein. Anti-p24 antibody was more frequent than p40 antibody in most cases, and in some psychotic patients antibody profiles showed only p40 antibody. Although serum positive for both p40 and p24 antibodies was not found in this study, the p40 ECLIA count in schizophrenia patients was higher than that of blood donors. Furthermore, we examined 90 sera from Japanese feral horses. Antibody profiles of control human samples are similar to that of naturally BDV-infected feral horses. We concluded that BDV infection was associated in some way with psychiatric disorders.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Blood Transfusion Service, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Honjo 1-1-1, Kumamoto 860, Japan. Phone: 81-96-373-5811. Fax: 81-96-373-5813. E-mail: kyama{at}gpo.kumamoto-u.ac.jp.

Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology, September 1999, p. 696-700, Vol. 6, No. 5
1071-412X/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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