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Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, January 2009, p. 116-121, Vol. 16, No. 1
1071-412X/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/CVI.00395-07
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Lymphoproliferative and Cytokine Responses to Cryptosporidium parvum in Patients Coinfected with C. parvum and Human Immunodeficiency Virus{triangledown}

Kirti Kaushik,1 Sumeeta Khurana,1 Ajay Wanchu,2 and Nancy Malla1*

Department of Parasitology,1 Department of Internal Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh-160012, India2

Received 30 September 2007/ Returned for modification 5 December 2007/ Accepted 15 October 2008

We compared the lymphoproliferative and cytokine responses to Cryptosporidium parvum in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive and -seronegative patients. The lymphoproliferative and cytokine responses (interleukin-2 [IL-2], IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, gamma interferon, and tumor necrosis factor alpha) were assessed for 11 HIV-seropositive, Cryptosporidium-positive (group I) patients; 20 HIV-seropositive, Cryptosporidium-negative (group II) patients; 10 HIV-seronegative, Cryptosporidium-positive (group III) patients, including four post-renal transplant (group IIIa) and 6 presumably immunocompetent (group IIIb) patients; and 20 HIV-seronegative, Cryptosporidium-negative healthy individuals (group IV). No significant difference was observed in the number of patients showing positive lymphoproliferative responses in group I compared to group III (post-renal transplant [group IIIa] or immunocompetent [group IIIb]) patients, while a comparison of the median stimulation indices shows that responses were significantly lower in Cryptosporidium-infected, immunosuppressed (group I and IIIa) patients than in immunocompetent (group IIIb) patients. The number of patients showing positive responses and median stimulation indices was significantly higher for Cryptosporidium-infected (HIV-seropositive and -seronegative) individuals than for uninfected individuals, suggesting that Cryptosporidium induces significant in vitro lymphoproliferative responses in infected individuals. Cytokine levels, except for that of IL-5, were significantly higher in Cryptosporidium-infected (groups I and III) individuals than in uninfected (groups II and IV) individuals. There was no significant difference between the group I and III patients and between Cryptosporidium-infected immunosuppressed (group I or IIIa) and immunocompetent (group IIIb) patients.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Parasitology, Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh-160012, India. Phone: 91-172-2755166. Fax: 0091-172-2744401. E-mail: drnancymalla{at}yahoo.com

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 19 November 2008.

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, January 2009, p. 116-121, Vol. 16, No. 1
1071-412X/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/CVI.00395-07
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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