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Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, February 2008, p. 348-358, Vol. 15, No. 2
1071-412X/08/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/CVI.00440-07
Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

A Novel, Killed-Virus Nasal Vaccinia Virus Vaccine{triangledown}

Anna U. Bielinska,1 Alexander A. Chepurnov,1 Jeffrey J. Landers,1 Katarzyna W. Janczak,1 Tatiana S. Chepurnova,1 Gary D. Luker,2 and James R. Baker Jr.1*

Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences (MNIMBS), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109,1 Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 481092

Received 6 November 2007/ Accepted 20 November 2007

Live-virus vaccines for smallpox are effective but have risks that are no longer acceptable for routine use in populations at minimal risk of infection. We have developed a mucosal, killed-vaccinia virus (VV) vaccine based on antimicrobial nanoemulsion (NE) of soybean oil and detergent. Incubation of VV with 10% NE for at least 60 min causes the complete disruption and inactivation of VV. Simple mixtures of NE and VV (Western Reserve serotype) (VV/NE) applied to the nares of mice resulted in both systemic and mucosal anti-VV immunity, virus-neutralizing antibodies, and Th1-biased cellular responses. Nasal vaccination with VV/NE vaccine produced protection against lethal infection equal to vaccination by scarification, with 100% survival after challenge with 77 times the 50% lethal dose of live VV. However, animals protected with VV/NE immunization did after virus challenge have clinical symptoms more extensive than animals vaccinated by scarification. VV/NE-based vaccines are highly immunogenic and induce protective mucosal and systemic immunity without the need for an inflammatory adjuvant or infection with live virus.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences (MNIMBS), University of Michigan, 9220 MSRB III, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5648. Phone: (734) 647-2777. Fax: (734) 936-2990. E-mail: jbakerjr{at}umich.edu

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 5 December 2007.

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, February 2008, p. 348-358, Vol. 15, No. 2
1071-412X/08/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/CVI.00440-07
Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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