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Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, November 2007, p. 1425-1432, Vol. 14, No. 11
1071-412X/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/CVI.00174-07
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Development and Evaluation of an Influenza Virus Subtype H7N2 Vaccine Candidate for Pandemic Preparedness{triangledown}

Claudia Pappas,1 Yumiko Matsuoka,1 David E. Swayne,2 and Ruben O. Donis1*

Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia,1 Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Athens, Georgia2

Received 24 April 2007/ Returned for modification 14 August 2007/ Accepted 9 September 2007

Influenza virus of the H7N2 subtype has been introduced into noncommercial poultry in the United States, and this probably resulted in incidents of transmission of H7N2 virus to humans, documented in 2002 and 2003. This virus could be considered a potential threat to public health if it acquired person-to-person transmissibility. A favored approach for global pandemic preparedness includes development of prepandemic vaccines for any potential pandemic virus. To this end, we created a high-growth reassortant virus (H7N2-PR8) containing the genes for the hemagglutinin and the neuraminidase from a low-pathogenicity (H7N2) virus strain and the remaining six genes from a human vaccine strain (H1N1). The reassortant strain was evaluated to assess its antigenicity, safety, and protective efficacy using a mouse model. Antigenicity studies using ferret antibodies raised against H7N2-PR8 indicated that this virus confers broad cross-reactivity with divergent H7 viruses of different years and lineages. Mice and chickens inoculated with high doses of H7N2-PR8 supported virus replication but survived, indicating that this virus is comparable to other avian viruses of low pathogenicity. To assess the protective efficacy of H7N2-PR8, mice were immunized with two doses of formalin-inactivated H7N2-PR8, alone or with alum. Vaccinated mice subsequently challenged with highly pathogenic viruses from homologous and heterologous lineages A/Canada/444/04 (H7N3) and A/Netherlands/219/03 (H7N7) showed pronounced reduction of wild-type virus replication. These studies indicate that H7N2-PR8 is immunogenic, safe, and protective in animal models; these are the essential attributes to qualify for phase I human clinical trials as a prepandemic vaccine.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Influenza Division, Mailstop G-16, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333. Phone: (404) 639-4968. Fax: (404) 639-2334. E-mail: address: rdonis{at}cdc.gov

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 3 October 2007.

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, November 2007, p. 1425-1432, Vol. 14, No. 11
1071-412X/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/CVI.00174-07
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



This article has been cited by other articles:

  • Belser, J. A., Blixt, O., Chen, L.-M., Pappas, C., Maines, T. R., Van Hoeven, N., Donis, R., Busch, J., McBride, R., Paulson, J. C., Katz, J. M., Tumpey, T. M. (2008). Contemporary North American influenza H7 viruses possess human receptor specificity: Implications for virus transmissibility. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 105: 7558-7563 [Abstract] [Full Text]  


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