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Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, September 2006, p. 975-980, Vol. 13, No. 9
1071-412X/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/CVI.00161-06
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Probiotics Stimulate Production of Natural Antibodies in Chickens

Hamid R. Haghighi,1 Jianhua Gong,2 Carlton L. Gyles,1 M. Anthony Hayes,1 Huaijun Zhou,1,2,{dagger} Babak Sanei,3 James R. Chambers,2 and Shayan Sharif1*

Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada,1 Food Research Program, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada,2 Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food, Guelph, Ontario, Canada3

Received 2 May 2006/ Returned for modification 5 June 2006/ Accepted 10 July 2006

Commensal bacteria in the intestine play an important role in the development of immune response. These bacteria interact with cells of the gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT). Among cells of the GALT, B-1 cells are of note. These cells are involved in the production of natural antibodies. In the present study, we determined whether manipulation of the intestinal microbiota by administration of probiotics, which we had previously shown to enhance specific systemic antibody response, could affect the development of natural antibodies in the intestines and sera of chickens. Our findings demonstrate that when 1-day-old chicks were treated with probiotics, serum and intestinal antibodies reactive to tetanus toxoid (TT) and Clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin in addition to intestinal immunoglobulin A (IgA) reactive to bovine serum albumin (BSA) were increased in unimmunized chickens. Moreover, IgG antibodies reactive to TT were increased in the intestines of probiotic-treated chickens compared to those of untreated controls. In serum, IgG and IgM reactive to TT and alpha-toxin were increased in probiotic-treated, unimmunized chickens compared to levels in untreated controls. However, no significant difference in serum levels of IgM or IgG response to BSA was observed. These results are suggestive of the induction of natural antibodies in probiotic-treated, unimmunized chickens. Elucidating the role of these antibodies in maintenance of the chicken immune system homeostasis and immune response to pathogens requires further investigation.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada. Phone: (519) 824-4120, ext. 54641. Fax: (519) 824-5930. E-mail: shayan{at}uoguelph.ca.

{dagger} Present address: Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas.

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, September 2006, p. 975-980, Vol. 13, No. 9
1071-412X/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/CVI.00161-06
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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