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Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, February 2006, p. 219-226, Vol. 13, No. 2
1071-412X/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/CVI.13.2.219-226.2006
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

The Probiotic Bacterium Lactobacillus casei Induces Activation of the Gut Mucosal Immune System through Innate Immunity

Cátedra de Inmunología, Instituto de Microbiología, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química, y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Argentina,¹ Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA), Chacabuco 145, 4000 Tucumán, Argentina²

Received 25 August 2005/ Returned for modification 26 September 2005/ Accepted 3 November 2005

The mechanisms by which probiotic bacteria affect the immune system are unknown yet, but many of them are attributed to an increase in the innate or in the acquired immune response. To study the influence of the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus casei in the expression of receptors involved in the innate immune response, this bacterium was orally administered to BALB/c mice. After, they were sacrificed; the small intestine and intestinal fluids were collected to measure secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA) specific for L. casei. Mononuclear cells from Peyer's patches were isolated to determine the CD-206 and TLR-2 receptors. In histological slices we determined the number of IgA⁺, CD4⁺, CD8⁺, and CD3⁺ cells and two cytokines (interleulin-5 [IL-5] and IL-6). CD-206 and TLR-2 increased with respect to the untreated control. We did not observe an increase in the T population or in the IL-5-positive cells. IgA⁺ cells and IL-6-producing cells increased after 7 days of L. casei administration. We did not find specific antibodies against L. casei. The main immune cells activated after oral L. casei administration were those of the innate immune response, with an increase in the specific markers of these cells (CD-206 and TLR-2), with no modification in the number of T cells.

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