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Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology, October 2005, p. 1209-1215, Vol. 12, No. 10
1071-412X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/CDLI.12.10.1209-1215.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Feline Coronavirus Serotypes 1 and 2: Seroprevalence and Association with Disease in Switzerland

Maya Kummrow,1 Marina L. Meli,1 Michael Haessig,2 Enikoe Goenczi,1 Amy Poland,3 Niels C. Pedersen,3 Regina Hofmann-Lehmann,1 and Hans Lutz1*

Clinical Laboratory, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Switzerland,1 Department of Farm Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Switzerland,2 Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California3

Received 21 March 2005/ Returned for modification 13 May 2005/ Accepted 26 July 2005

To determine the prevalence of antibodies to feline coronavirus (FCoV) serotypes 1 and 2 in Switzerland and their association with different disease manifestations, a serological study based on immunofluorescence tests was conducted with Swiss field cats using transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), FCoV type 1 and FCoV type 2 as antigens. A total of 639 serum samples collected in the context of different studies from naturally infected cats were tested. The current study revealed that, with an apparent prevalence of 83%, FCoV serotype 1 is the most prevalent serotype in Switzerland. FCoV type 1 viruses induced higher antibody titers than FCoV type 2, and were more frequently associated with clinical signs and/or feline infectious peritonitis. The antibody development in seven cats experimentally infected with FCoV type 1 revealed that, with progressing duration of infection, antibodies to FCoV type 1 significantly increased over those to FCoV type 2. There was a significant relationship between antibody titers against TGEV, FCoV 1, and FCoV 2 and TGEV antigen detected the highest proportion of seropositive cats. We conclude that a vaccine against FCoV should be based on FCoV type 1-related antigens and that for serodiagnosis of FCoV infection TGEV should be used to attain the highest diagnostic efficiency. When serology is used in addition to clinical signs, hematology, and clinical chemistry results as an aid to diagnose clinical FIP, TGEV shows a diagnostic efficiency equal to that of a FCoV antigen.

* Corresponding author. Present address: Clinical Laboratory, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland. Phone: 41 (0) 44 635 83 12. Fax: 41 446358906. E-mail: hlutz{at}vetclinics.unizh.ch.

Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology, October 2005, p. 1209-1215, Vol. 12, No. 10
1071-412X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/CDLI.12.10.1209-1215.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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Copyright © 2005 by the American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.