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Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology, May 2004, p. 599-607, Vol. 11, No. 3
1071-412X/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/CDLI.11.3.599-607.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Enhanced Surfactant Protein and Defensin mRNA Levels and Reduced Viral Replication during Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 Pneumonia in Neonatal Lambs

Branka Grubor,1* Jack M. Gallup,1 David K. Meyerholz,1 Erika C. Crouch,2 Richard B. Evans,3 Kim A. Brogden,4 Howard D. Lehmkuhl,4 and Mark R. Ackermann1

Department of Veterinary Pathology,1 Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-1250,3 Department of Pathology, University of Washington, St. Louis, Missouri,2 Respiratory Diseases of Ruminants Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture-National Animal Disease Center, Ames, Iowa 500104

Received 21 October 2003/ Returned for modification 26 November 2003/ Accepted 2 January 2004

Defensins and surfactant protein A (SP-A) and SP-D are antimicrobial components of the pulmonary innate immune system. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which parainfluenza type 3 virus infection in neonatal lambs alters expression of sheep beta-defensin 1 (SBD-1), SP-A, and SP-D, all of which are constitutively transcribed by respiratory epithelia. Parainfluenza type 3 viral antigen was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in the bronchioles of all infected lambs 3 days postinoculation and at diminished levels 6 days postinoculation, but it was absent 17 days postinoculation. At all times postinoculation, lung homogenates from parainfluenza type 3 virus-inoculated animals had increased SBD-1, SP-A, and SP-D mRNA levels as detected by fluorogenic real-time reverse transcriptase PCR. Protein levels of SP-A in lung homogenates detected by quantitative-competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and protein antigen of SP-A detected by IHC were not altered. These studies demonstrate that parainfluenza type 3 virus infection results in enhanced expression of constitutively transcribed innate immune factors expressed by respiratory epithelia and that this increased expression occurs concurrently with decreased viral replication.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Veterinary Pathology, 2740 Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-1250. Phone: (515) 294-3647. Fax: (515) 294-5423. E-mail: brankag{at}iastate.edu.

Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology, May 2004, p. 599-607, Vol. 11, No. 3
1071-412X/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/CDLI.11.3.599-607.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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