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Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology, January 2004, p. 115-118, Vol. 11, No. 1
1071-412X/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/CDLI.11.1.115-118.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

High Prevalence of Seropositivity to a Major Allergen of Anisakis simplex, Ani s 1, in Dyspeptic Patients

Carlos Toro,1* María Luisa Caballero,2 Margarita Baquero,3 Javier García-Samaniego,4 Isabel Casado,5 Margarita Rubio,6 and Ignacio Moneo2

Services of Infectious Diseases,1 Immunology,2 Microbiology,3 Gastroenterology,4 Pathology, Hospital Carlos III,5 Department of Medicine, European University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain6

Received 16 July 2003/ Returned for modification 14 September 2003/ Accepted 21 October 2003

Finding evidence of anisakidosis requires invasive methods. We have developed a serological assay based on the detection of an immunoglobulin E (IgE) specifically directed against Ani s 1 protein, a major parasite allergen of Anisakis simplex, which has shown a high level of accuracy in the diagnosis of anisakidosis. We used this tool to determine the prevalence of anti-Ani s 1 IgE in dyspeptic patients and to investigate if its seropositivity could be related to epidemiological factors other than raw fish consumption. A total of 174 dyspeptic patients who submitted to upper digestive tract endoscopy were studied. Specific IgE against Ani s 1 was determined by immunoblotting. Quantitative information on smoking, alcohol consumption, and fish consumption as well as a history of gastric surgery was recorded. Twenty-four (13.8%) patients were seropositive for Ani s 1 protein. The seroprevalence of anti-Ani s 1 IgE increased with age in patients who were less than 62 years old (P = 0.047). Seropositivity to Ani s 1 was associated with the consumption of fish in vinegar (P < 0.001), raw fish (P = 0.001), and smoked fish (P = 0.007). There was no relationship between anti-Ani s 1 IgE seropositivity and the number of cigarettes smoked (P = 0.098) or alcohol intake (P = 0.179). Five patients had undergone previous gastric surgery, and three of those patients were seropositive for Ani s 1 (P = 0.019). In multivariate analysis, the consumption of fish in vinegar (P = 0.006), raw fish (P = 0.017), and smoked fish (P = 0.002) and a history of gastric surgery (P = 0.005) were independent factors associated with anti-Ani s 1 IgE detection. In conclusion, at present, anisakidosis might frequently be underdiagnosed, and it might have a clinical role in patients with upper dyspeptic symptoms. Uncooked-fish ingestion and previous gastric surgery were associated with seropositivity for Ani s 1 protein.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Hospital Carlos III, C/ Sinesio Delgado 10, 28029 Madrid, Spain. Phone: 34 91 4532586. Fax: 34 91 7336614. E-mail: carlostororueda{at}hotmail.com.

Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology, January 2004, p. 115-118, Vol. 11, No. 1
1071-412X/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/CDLI.11.1.115-118.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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