The mechanisms responsible for common variable immunodeficiency syndrome (CVID) are as yet unknown. In the present study, we show that the B-cell dysfunction in a subset of CVID patients is caused by defective protein tyrosine phosphorylation (PTP). We demonstrated that the PTP level and immunoglobulin (Ig) secretion malfunctions can be successfully repaired when normal plasma membrane components are implanted into these patients' B cells. Stimulation of CVID patients' peripheral blood mononucleated cells with anti-Ig antibody revealed that 7 of 11 patients had lower PTP levels than those found in the normal donor cells. Plasma membrane implantation to the cells of these patients resulted in elevated PTP levels which reached normal levels upon stimulation with anti-human Ig antibody. The results revealed two distinct groups of CVID patients. The first group included patients whose B cells expressed low PTP levels after Ig stimulation. In these patients the plasma membrane implantation restored the normal PTP level as well as the ability to secrete IgM and/or IgG after B-cell stimulation. In the second group, patients whose B cells expressed a normal PTP level after Ig stimulation, with no restoration of their ability to secrete Ig upon plasma membrane implantation and lipopolysaccharide stimulation. We conclude that the first group has an early signal transduction defect located in the B-cell plasma membrane, while in the second group the defect is located elsewhere.