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Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology, July 1999, p. 489-493, Vol. 6, No. 4
1071-412X/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Detection of Anti-VacA Antibody Responses in Serum and Gastric Juice Samples Using Type s1/m1 and s2/m2 Helicobacter pylori VacA Antigens

Guillermo I. Perez-Perez,1 Richard M. Peek Jr.,2,3 John C. Atherton,1,dagger Martin J. Blaser,1,3,4 and Timothy L. Cover1,3,4,*

Division of Infectious Diseases1 and Division of Gastroenterology,2 Department of Medicine, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology,4 Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, and Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center,3 Nashville, Tennessee

Received 28 October 1998/Returned for modification 8 February 1999/Accepted 15 March 1999

Several different families of vacuolating toxin (vacA) alleles are present in Helicobacter pylori, and they encode products with differing functional activities. H. pylori strains containing certain types of vacA alleles have been associated with an increased risk for peptic ulcer disease. In this study, we tested serum samples and gastric juice from 19 H. pylori-negative and 39 H. pylori-positive patients for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay reactivity with two different types of VacA antigens (types s1/m1 and s2/m2), which were purified from H. pylori 60190 and 86-338, respectively. Both antigens were recognized better by serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) from H. pylori-positive persons than by serum IgG from H. pylori-negative persons (P < 0.01). The s1/m1 VacA antigen was better recognized by sera from patients carrying vacA type s1/m1 strains than by sera from patients carrying vacA type s2/m2 or s1/m2 strains (P < 0.01). Conversely, the s2/m2 VacA antigen was better recognized by sera from patients carrying type s2/m2 or s1/m2 strains (P = 0.03). Serum IgG anti-VacA antibodies were present more frequently in patients carrying type s1/m1 strains than in other H. pylori-positive patients (P = 0.0002). In addition, the highest levels of IgA anti-VacA antibodies were detected in the gastric juice of patients carrying type s1/m1 strains. These data indicate that different VacA isoforms have distinct antigenic properties and that multiple forms of VacA elicit antibody responses in H. pylori-positive humans.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Division of Infectious Diseases, A3310 MCN, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232. Phone: (615) 322-2035. Fax: (615) 343-6160. E-mail: COVERTL{at}ctrvax.vanderbilt.edu.

dagger Present address: Division of Gastroenterology, University Hospital, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, England.

Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology, July 1999, p. 489-493, Vol. 6, No. 4
1071-412X/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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