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Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, July 2009, p. 1060-1065, Vol. 16, No. 7
1071-412X/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/CVI.00280-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Early Detection of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Specific B-Lymphocyte-Derived Antibodies in a High-Risk Population{triangledown}

Odd Odinsen,1* David Parker,2 Frans Radebe,3 Mikey Guness,3 and David A Lewis3,4,5

PlasmAcute AS, Bergen, Norway,1 Novel Consulting Ltd., Dartford, United Kingdom,2 Sexually Transmitted Infections Reference Centre, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa,3 Department of Internal Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa,4 Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa5

Received 2 August 2008/ Returned for modification 11 September 2008/ Accepted 20 May 2009

Diagnosis of acute human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, a key driver of the HIV epidemic, remains a public health challenge. The PlasmAcute technology offers an opportunity to detect early anti-HIV antibody responses. B lymphocytes (B cells) were isolated from the blood of seronegative miners in South Africa by using the PlasmAcute method. B-cell lysates and paired sera were tested for anti-HIV-1 antibodies by two different enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays; immunoreactivity was confirmed by Western blotting. All volunteers were tested for HIV type 1 (HIV-1) viral load, p24 antigen, and CD4 count. Sera from HIV-seronegative men who had positive viral loads and were positive for p24 antigen were retested for anti-HIV antibodies after immune complex dissociation. Anti-HIV antibodies were detected in lysates from 16/259 subjects without immunoreactivity in paired sera. Four subjects, one of whom had a positive viral load initially, subsequently seroconverted. Six subjects showed transient anti-HIV-1 antibodies in the lysates and tested negative for all markers at the follow-up. Five subjects without follow-up data initially had lysate-positive/serum-negative samples, and these cases were classified as inconclusive. One subject had lysate antibodies and a detectable viral load but was seronegative at follow-up. In conclusion, lysate-derived anti-HIV-1 B-cell antibodies can be detected prior to seroconversion and earlier than or contemporary with HIV-1 RNA detection.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: PlasmAcute AS, Sognsveien 32, 0851 Oslo, Norway. Phone: 47 91 37 22 39. Fax: 47 55 54 38 98. E-mail: odd.odinsen{at}getmail.no

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 27 May 2009.

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, July 2009, p. 1060-1065, Vol. 16, No. 7
1071-412X/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/CVI.00280-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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