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Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, July 2009, p. 1052-1059, Vol. 16, No. 7
1071-412X/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/CVI.00095-09
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Evaluation of Chimeric Japanese Encephalitis and Dengue Viruses for Use in Diagnostic Plaque Reduction Neutralization Tests{triangledown}

Barbara W. Johnson,1* Olga Kosoy,1 Elizabeth Hunsperger,2 Manuela Beltran,2 Mark Delorey,1 Farshad Guirakhoo,3 and Thomas Monath4

Diagnostic & Reference Laboratory, Arbovirus Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases (DVBID), 3150 Rampart Road, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521,1 Serology Diagnostics and Viral Pathogenesis Laboratory, Dengue Branch, CDC, DVBID, San Juan, Puerto Rico,2 Sanofi Pasteur, 1541 Avenue Marcel Merieux-D Est 2, 69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France,3 Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers Pandemic & Biodefense Fund, 21 Finn Road, Harvard, Massachusetts 014514

Received 23 February 2009/ Returned for modification 7 April 2009/ Accepted 6 May 2009

The plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) is a specific serological test used to identify and confirm arbovirus infection in diagnostic laboratories and monitor immunological protection in vaccine recipients. Wild-type (wt) viruses used in the PRNT may be difficult to grow and plaque titrate, such as the dengue viruses (DENV), and/or may require biosafety level 3 (BSL3) containment, such as West Nile virus (WNV), St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV), and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). These requirements preclude their use in diagnostic laboratories with only BSL2 capacity. In addition, wt JEV falls under the jurisdiction of the select-agent program and can be used only in approved laboratories. The chimeric vaccine viruses ChimeriVax-WNV and -SLEV have previously been shown to elicit antibody reactivity comparable to that of parental wt WNV and SLEV. ChimeriVax viruses provide advantages for PRNT, as follows: they grow more rapidly than most wt flaviviruses, produce large plaques, require BSL2 conditions, and are not under select-agent restrictions. We evaluated the ChimeriVax-DENV serotype 1 (DENV1), -DENV2, -DENV3, -DENV4, and -JEV for use in PRNT on sera from DENV- and JEV-infected patients and from JEV vaccine recipients. Serostatus agreement was 100% between the ChimeriVax-DENV serotypes and wt prototype DENV and 97% overall with ChimeriVax-JEV compared to prototype Nakayama JEV, 92% in a subgroup of JEV vaccine recipients, and 100% in serum from encephalitis patients naturally infected with JEV. ChimeriVax-DENV and -JEV plaque phenotype and BSL2 requirements, combined with sensitive and specific reactivity, make them good substitutes for wt DENV and JEV in PRNT in public health diagnostic laboratories.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Diagnostic & Reference Laboratory, Arbovirus Diseases Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases (DVBID), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 3150 Rampart Road, Building 401, Fort Collins, CO 80521. Phone: (970) 266-3543. Fax: (970) 494-6631. E-mail: bfj9{at}cdc.gov

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 20 May 2009.

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, July 2009, p. 1052-1059, Vol. 16, No. 7
1071-412X/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/CVI.00095-09
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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