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Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, April 2009, p. 471-478, Vol. 16, No. 4
1071-412X/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/CVI.00311-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Prolonged Protection against Intranasal Challenge with Influenza Virus following Systemic Immunization or Combinations of Mucosal and Systemic Immunizations with a Heat-Labile Toxin Mutant{triangledown}

Fengmin Zhou,1 Amanda Goodsell,1 Yasushi Uematsu,2 and Michael Vajdy1*

Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Inc., Emeryville, California,1 Novartis Vaccines, Siena, Italy2

Received 26 August 2008/ Returned for modification 17 November 2008/ Accepted 26 January 2009

Seasonal influenza virus infections cause considerable morbidity and mortality in the world, and there is a serious threat of a pandemic influenza with the potential to cause millions of deaths. Therefore, practical influenza vaccines and vaccination strategies that can confer protection against intranasal infection with influenza viruses are needed. In this study, we demonstrate that using LTK63, a nontoxic mutant of the heat-labile toxin from Escherichia coli, as an adjuvant for both mucosal and systemic immunizations, systemic (intramuscular) immunization or combinations of mucosal (intranasal) and intramuscular immunizations protected mice against intranasal challenge with a lethal dose of live influenza virus at 3.5 months after the second immunization.

* Corresponding author. Present address: Epitogenesis, Inc., 112 La Casa Via, Ste. 160, Walnut Creek, CA 94598. Phone: (415) 283-9267. Fax: (925) 253-8765. E-mail: vajdy{at}epitogenesis.com

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 4 February 2009.

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, April 2009, p. 471-478, Vol. 16, No. 4
1071-412X/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/CVI.00311-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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