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Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, March 2009, p. 323-329, Vol. 16, No. 3
1071-412X/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/CVI.00392-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Humoral Immune Responses of White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) to Mycobacterium bovis BCG Vaccination and Experimental Challenge with M. bovis{triangledown}

P. Nol,1,2* K. P. Lyashchenko,3 R. Greenwald,3 J. Esfandiari,3 W. R. Waters,4 M. V. Palmer,4 B. J. Nonnecke,4 T. J. Keefe,5 T. C. Thacker,4 J. C. Rhyan,1 F. E. Aldwell,6 and M. D. Salman2

National Wildlife Research Center, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, Colorado,1 Animal Population Health Institute, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado,2 Chembio Diagnostic Systems, Inc., Medford, New York,3 National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, Bacterial Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa,4 Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado,5 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand6

Received 27 October 2008/ Returned for modification 24 November 2008/ Accepted 26 December 2008

Monitoring of the kinetics of production of serum antibodies to multiple mycobacterial antigens can be useful as a diagnostic tool for the detection of Mycobacterium bovis infection as well as for the characterization of disease progression and the efficacy of intervention strategies in several species. The humoral immune responses to multiple M. bovis antigens by white-tailed deer vaccinated with BCG orally via a lipid-formulated bait (n = 5), orally in liquid form (n = 5), and subcutaneously (n = 6) were evaluated over time after vaccination and after experimental challenge with virulent M. bovis and were compared to the responses by unvaccinated deer (n = 6). Antibody responses were evaluated by using a rapid test (RT), a multiantigen print immunoassay (MAPIA), a lipoarabinomannan enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (LAM-ELISA), and immunoblotting to whole-cell sonicate and recombinant antigen MPB83. MAPIA and RT detected minimal to no antibody responses over those at the baseline to multiple M. bovis antigens in vaccinated white-tailed deer after challenge. This was in contrast to the presence of more readily detectable antibody responses in nonvaccinated deer with more advanced disease. The LAM-ELISA results indicated an overall decrease in the level of production of detectable antibodies against lipoarabinomannan-enriched mycobacterial antigen in vaccinated animals compared to that in nonvaccinated animals after challenge. Immunoblot data were inconsistent but did suggest the occurrence of unique antibody responses by certain vaccinated groups to Ag85 and HSP70. These findings support further research toward the improvement and potential use of antibody-based assays, such as MAPIA, RT, and LAM-ELISA, as tools for the antemortem assessment of disease progression in white-tailed deer in both experimental and field vaccine trials.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: USDA/APHIS, National Wildlife Research Center, 4101 LaPorte Ave., Fort Collins, CO 80521. Phone: (970) 266-6126. Fax: (970) 266-6157. E-mail: pauline.nol{at}aphis.usda.gov

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 7 January 2009.

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, March 2009, p. 323-329, Vol. 16, No. 3
1071-412X/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/CVI.00392-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



This article has been cited by other articles:

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