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Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, November 2009, p. 1639-1647, Vol. 16, No. 11
1071-412X/09/$08.00+0 doi:10.1128/CVI.00254-09
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China 210095,1 Guelph Food Research Centre, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 5C9,2 Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843,3 Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1,4 Nutreco Canada Agresearch, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 4T25
Received 24 June 2009/ Returned for modification 30 July 2009/ Accepted 15 September 2009
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) participate in detecting microbial pattern molecules for activation of the host immune response. We investigated possible roles of TLRs in the chicken response to Clostridium perfringens infection by examining the expression of TLR genes and other genes involved in TLR-mediated signaling within the spleens and ilea of C. perfringens-challenged broilers. Upregulation of a tumor necrosis factor alpha-inducing factor homolog in challenged chickens compared to naïve chickens was observed, regardless of the incidence of necrotic enteritis. In addition, the members of the TLR2 subfamily were found to be most strongly involved in the host response to C. perfringens challenge, although the expression of TLR4 and TLR7 was also upregulated in spleen tissues. While the combination of TLR1.2, TLR2.1, and TLR15 appeared to play a major role in the splenic response, the expression of TLR2.2 and TLR1.1 was positively correlated to the expression of adaptor molecules MyD88, TRAF6, TRIF, and receptor interacting protein 1 in the ileal tissues, demonstrating a dynamic spatial and temporal innate host response to C. perfringens.
Published ahead of print on 23 September 2009.
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