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Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, April 2008, p. 691-696, Vol. 15, No. 4
1071-412X/08/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/CVI.00418-07
Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Kinetics of Recombinant Adenovirus Type 5, Vaccinia Virus, Modified Vaccinia Ankara Virus, and DNA Antigen Expression In Vivo and the Induction of Memory T-Lymphocyte Responses

Ralf Geiben-Lynn,^* John R. Greenland, Kwesi Frimpong-Boateng, and Norman L. Letvin

Division of Viral Pathogenesis, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215

Received 16 October 2007/ Returned for modification 14 December 2007/ Accepted 5 February 2008

While a new generation of vaccine vectors has been developed for eliciting cellular immune responses, little is known about the optimal routes for their administration or about the ramifications of the kinetics of in vivo vaccine antigen expression for immunogenicity. We evaluated the kinetics of vaccine antigen expression by real-time in vivo photon imaging and showed dramatic differences in these kinetics using different vectors and different routes of administration. Further, using a gamma interferon enzyme-linked immunospot assay to measure T-lymphocyte immune responses, we observed an association between the kinetics of vaccine antigen expression in vivo and the magnitude of vaccine-elicited memory T-lymphocyte responses. These results highlight the utility of the real-time in vivo photon-imaging technology in evaluating novel immunization strategies and suggest an association between the kinetics of vaccine antigen clearance and the magnitude of vaccine-elicited T-lymphocyte memory immune responses.

Published ahead of print on 13 February 2008.

R.G.-L. and J.R.G. contributed equally to this work.