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Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, December 2008, p. 1868-1877, Vol. 15, No. 12
1071-412X/08/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/CVI.00200-08
Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Antibodies against Glucan, Chitin, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mannan as New Biomarkers of Candida albicans Infection That Complement Tests Based on C. albicans Mannan{triangledown}

B. Sendid,1 N. Dotan,2 S. Nseir,3 C. Savaux,1 P. Vandewalle,1 A. Standaert,1,4 F. Zerimech,5 B. P. Guery,6 A. Dukler,2 J. F. Colombel,7 and D. Poulain1*

INSERM U799, Université Lille 2, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Pôle de Microbiologie, CHRU Lille, and Faculté de Médecine, Pôle Recherche, Lille, France,1 Glycominds Ltd., Lod, Israel,2 Service de Réanimation Médicale, Hôpital Calmette, CHRU Lille, Lille, France,3 Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Faculté de Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Lille, France,4 Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biochimie-Moléculaire, Centre de Biologie Pathologie, CHRU Lille, 59037 Lille, France,5 EA 2689, Université de Lille 2, IMPRT, Faculté de Médecine, Lille, France,6 CHRU Lille, Hôpital Huriez, Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie and INSERM U795, Lille, France7

Received 18 May 2008/ Returned for modification 1 July 2008/ Accepted 17 October 2008

Antibodies against Saccharomyces cerevisiae mannan (ASCA) and antibodies against synthetic disaccharide fragments of glucans (ALCA) and chitin (ACCA) are biomarkers of Crohn's disease (CD). We previously showed that Candida albicans infection generates ASCA. Here, we explored ALCA and ACCA as possible biomarkers of invasive C. albicans infection (ICI). ASCA, ALCA, ACCA, and Candida mannan antigen and antibody detection tests were performed on 69 sera obtained sequentially from 18 patients with ICIs proven by blood culture, 59 sera from CD patients, 47 sera from hospitalized subjects colonized by Candida species (CZ), and 131 sera from healthy controls (HC). ASCA, ALCA, and ACCA levels in CD and ICI patients were significantly different from those in CZ and HC subjects (P < 0.0001). In ICI patients, these levels increased as infection developed. Using ASCA, ALCA, ACCA, and Platelia Candida tests, 100% of ICIs were detected, with the kinetics of the antibody response depending on the patient during the time course of infection. A large number of sera presented with more than three positive tests. This is the first evidence that the detection of antibodies against chitin and glucans has diagnostic value in fungal infections and that these tests can complement more specific tests. Future trials are necessary to assess the value of these tests in multiparametric analysis, as well as their pathophysiological relevance.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: INSERM U799, Faculté de Médecine, Lille F-59045, France. Phone: (33) 3 20 62 34 18. E-mail: dpoulain{at}univ-lille2.fr

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 29 October 2008.

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, December 2008, p. 1868-1877, Vol. 15, No. 12
1071-412X/08/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/CVI.00200-08
Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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