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Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, July 2007, p. 918-923, Vol. 14, No. 7
1071-412X/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/CVI.00031-07
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Gene Expression Changes in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells during Measles Virus Infection{triangledown} ,{ddagger}

Michael J. Zilliox,1,{dagger} William J. Moss,1,2 and Diane E. Griffin1*

W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology,1 Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 212052

Received 20 December 2006/ Returned for modification 27 March 2007/ Accepted 17 May 2007

Measles virus continues to cause morbidity and mortality despite the existence of a safe and efficacious vaccine. Measles is associated with induction of both a long-lived protective immune response and immunosuppression. To gain insight into immunological changes during measles virus infection, we examined gene expression in blood mononuclear cells from children with acute measles and children in the convalescent phase compared to uninfected control children. There were 13 significantly upregulated and 206 downregulated genes. Upregulated genes included the immune regulatory molecules interleukin 1β (IL-1β), CIAS-1, tumor necrosis factor alpha, PDE4B, PTGS2, IL-8, CXCL2, CCL4, ICAM-1, CD83, GOS-2, IER3 (IEX-1), and TNFAIP3 (A20). Plasma levels of IL-1β and IL-8 were elevated during measles virus infection. Downregulated genes mainly involved three gene ontology biological processes, transcription, signal transduction, and the immune response, and included IL-16 and cell surface receptors IL-4R, IL-6R, IL-7R, IL-27RA, CCR2, and CCR7. Most mRNAs had not returned to control values 1 month after discharge, consistent with prolonged immune response abnormalities during measles virus infection.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205. Phone: (410) 955-3459. Fax: (410) 955-0105. E-mail: dgriffin{at}jhsph.edu

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 30 May 2007.

{ddagger} Supplemental material for this article may be found at http://cvi.asm.org/.

{dagger} Present address: Emory Vaccine Center and Department of Microbiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322.

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, July 2007, p. 918-923, Vol. 14, No. 7
1071-412X/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/CVI.00031-07
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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