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*West Nile Virus

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Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, November 2007, p. 1465-1471, Vol. 14, No. 11
1071-412X/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/CVI.00249-07
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Comparative Efficacies of Three Commercially Available Vaccines against West Nile Virus (WNV) in a Short-Duration Challenge Trial Involving an Equine WNV Encephalitis Model{triangledown}

K. K. Seino,* M. T. Long, E. P. J. Gibbs, R. A. Bowen,{dagger} S. E. Beachboard, P. P. Humphrey, M. A. Dixon, and M. A. Bourgeois

College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 SW 16th Avenue, Gainesville, Florida 32610

Received 19 June 2007/ Accepted 29 July 2007

We used a severe challenge model that produces clinical West Nile virus (WNV) disease to test the efficacy of three commercially available equine WNV vaccines in horses. Twenty-four healthy, WNV-seronegative horses of varying ages and genders were placed, in random and blind manner, into three trial groups consisting of eight horses each; two horses in each group received (i) an inactivated WNV vaccine (K-WN), (ii) a modified-live vaccine (CP-WN) containing the WNV prM and E proteins expressed by a canarypox vector, (iii) a live-chimera vaccine (WN-FV) containing WNV prM and E proteins expressed in a YF17D vector, or (iv) a diluent control. Challenge by this model caused grave neurological signs, viremia, moderate to severe histopathologic lesions in the brain and spinal cord, and an outcome of 0% survivorship in all six control horses. In contrast, challenge in horses at between 28 days postvaccination with the chimera vaccine and 56 days postvaccination with the commercial inactivated or modified-live vaccine resulted in 100% survivorship (protection from the onset of WNV encephalitis and viremia). Horses vaccinated with the live-chimera vaccine showed significantly fewer clinical signs than did the control horses (P ≤ 0.01) and the horses vaccinated with inactivated vaccine (P = 0.035). Mild residual inflammatory lesions were seen in a few of the vaccinated horses.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 SW 16th Avenue, Gainesville, FL 32610. Phone: (352) 392-2212. Fax: (352) 392-5993. E-mail: seinok{at}mail.vetmed.ufl.edu

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 8 August 2007.

{dagger} Present address: College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO 80523.

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, November 2007, p. 1465-1471, Vol. 14, No. 11
1071-412X/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/CVI.00249-07
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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