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Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, November 2006, p. 1255-1266, Vol. 13, No. 11
1071-412X/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/CVI.00150-06
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Immunostimulatory Effects of the Anionic Alkali Mineral Complex BARODON on Equine Lymphocytes

HyeCheong Koo,^1,2, Seung-Ho Ryu,^3,4, Hyung Jin Ahn,⁵ Woo Kyung Jung,² Young Kyung Park,² Nam Hoon Kwon,² So Hyun Kim,² Jun Man Kim,² Byung Woo Yoo,⁵ Soo Il Choi,⁶ William C. Davis,⁷ and Yong Ho Park^2*

KRF Zoonotic Disease Priority Research Institute,¹ Department of Microbiology,² Department of Clinical Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul,³ Korea Racing Association, Gwacheon, Gyeonggi,⁴ Agribrands Purina Korea Inc., Seongnam, Gyeonggi,⁵ Barodon-S.F. Corp., Ansung, Gyeonggi, Korea,⁶ Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington⁷

Received 21 April 2006/ Returned for modification 14 June 2006/ Accepted 23 August 2006

Previous studies have shown that the anionic alkali mineral complex BARODON has an immunoenhancing effect on pigs as an adjuvant and as a nonspecific immunostimulant. Likewise, the equine immune system has been defined with various monoclonal antibodies specific to equine leukocyte differentiation antigens to determine the possibility of enhancing equine resistance to respiratory diseases and promoting other immunostimulatory effects with the application of BARODON. Compared with the control group, after 3 weeks of treatment, BARODON-treated groups showed higher proportions of cells (P < 0.05) expressing major histocompatibility complex class II and CD2, CD4⁺, CD4⁺ CD25⁺, CD8⁺, and CD8⁺ CD25⁺ T lymphocytes, dendritic cells, and surface immunoglobulin M⁺ B lymphocytes in peripheral blood, as well as enhanced cell proliferative responses with phytohemagglutinin and increased phagocytic activity against Streptococcus equi and Staphylococcus aureus strains with high antibiotic resistance, the bacteria frequently identified as etiologic agents of equine respiratory diseases at the Seoul Race Park in Seoul, Korea. This study shows that BARODON may act as an immunostimulator and can be an effective alternative to antimicrobial feed additives for nonspecific improvements in equine immune responses, particularly against respiratory diseases.

Published ahead of print on 30 August 2006.

Hye Cheong Koo and Seung-Ho Ryu contributed equally to this study.