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Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology, March 2003, p. 278-285, Vol. 10, No. 2
1071-412X/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/CDLI.10.2.278-285.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Serological Cross-Reactivities between Antibodies to Simian Virus 40, BK Virus, and JC Virus Assessed by Virus-Like-Particle-Based Enzyme Immunoassays

Raphael P. Viscidi,1* Dana E. M. Rollison,2 Emma Viscidi,3 Barbara Clayman,1 Elizabeth Rubalcaba,1 Richard Daniel,3 Eugene O. Major,4 and Keerti V. Shah3

Stanley Division of Developmental Neurovirology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine,1 Department of Epidemiology,2 Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore Maryland,3 National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland4

Received 9 September 2002/ Returned for modification 16 November 2002/ Accepted 10 December 2002

Enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) for detection of serum antibodies to simian virus 40 (SV40), BK virus (BKV), and JC virus (JCV) were developed by using virus-like-particles (VLPs) produced in insect cells from recombinant baculoviruses expressing the VP1 protein of the respective virus. Rhesus macaque sera with neutralizing antibodies to SV40 showed a high level of reactivity in the SV40 VLP-based EIA, and these sera also showed lower levels of reactivity in the BKV and JCV VLP-based EIAs. Rhesus macaque sera negative for neutralizing antibodies to SV40 were negative in all three EIAs. Competitive binding assays showed that SV40 VLPs inhibited BKV reactivity. In rhesus macaque sera, high optical density (OD) values for antibodies to SV40 VLPs were correlated with high OD values for antibodies to BKV but not with high OD values for antibodies to JCV VLPs. Human sera with neutralizing antibodies to SV40 were more reactive to SV40 VLPs than human sera without neutralizing antibodies to SV40. The greater SV40 reactivities of human sera were correlated with greater reactivities to BKV VLPs but not JCV VLPs. These data suggest that cross-reactivity with BKV antibodies may account for part of the low-level SV40 reactivity seen in human sera. With their greater versatility and their suitability for large-scale testing, the VLP-based EIAs for SV40, BKV, and JCV are likely to contribute to a better understanding of the biology of these viruses.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Blalock Building, Room 1105, 600 North Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21287. Phone: (410) 614-1494 Fax: (410) 955-3723. E-mail: rviscid1{at}jhmi.edu.

Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology, March 2003, p. 278-285, Vol. 10, No. 2
1071-412X/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/CDLI.10.2.278-285.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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